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Colon disease is created from polyps (developments) in your colon’s inward covering. Medical services suppliers have screening tests and therapies that identify and eliminate precancerous polyps. If untreated, colon malignant growth might spread to different regions of your body. Because of these tests, early therapy, and new sorts of therapy, less individuals are biting the dust from colon malignant growth.

In this blog, we will try to explain to you what colon cancer is and how you can detect it early and start the correct treatment.

What is Colon Cancer?

Colon disease is a sort of malignant growth that starts in the digestive organ (colon). The colon is the last piece of the intestinal system. Colon disease commonly influences more established grown-ups, however, it can occur at whatever stage in life. It normally starts as little, noncancerous (harmless) bunches of cells called polyps that structure within the colon. Over the long run, a portion of these polyps can become colon diseases.

Polyps might be little and produce barely any side effects. Consequently, specialists prescribe standard screening tests to assist with forestalling colon malignant growth by recognizing and eliminating polyps before they transform into disease.

Now listing the roots of Colon Cancer below:

Symptoms of Colon Cancer

During stage 1 of colon cancer, no obvious signs or symptoms may have developed. As symptoms develop, they may vary depending on the tumor’s size and location in the large intestine. Early symptoms may affect only the colon and result in changes in bowel habits. As the cancer grows, it may spread, producing systemic symptoms that affect the whole body, such as fatigue and weight loss. Some changes in bowels habits that may be considered colon cancer signs include:

1. Change in frequency of bowel movements
2. Constipation
3. Change in consistency of stool (loose or watery stools)
4. Blood in stools (either as bright red spots or dark tar-like stools)
5. Rectal bleeding
6. Abdominal pain, bloating, or cramps
7. A persistent feeling of not being able to completely empty the bowels

Staging is a way of describing where the cancer is located, if or where it has spread, and whether it is affecting other parts of the body. In this Blog, we will be providing detailed information about the system used to find the stage of colorectal cancer and the stage groups for colorectal cancer, such as stage II cancer or stage IV cancer.

Stages of Colon Cancer

Within each of the three categories, the cancer is classified even further and assigned a number and letter to indicate the extent of the disease. These assignments are based on the structure of the colon and how far the cancer has grown through the layers of the colon wall.

The stages of colon cancer are as follows:

Stage 0

This is the earliest stage of colon cancer. In stage 0, the cancer has not grown beyond the mucosa, or the innermost layer of the colon.

Stage 1

In stage 1 colon cancer, the cancer has grown into the innermost layer (or mucosa) to the next layer of the colon (the submucosa). It may have also grown into a muscular layer called the muscularis propria. It has not spread to the lymph nodes.

Stage 2

In stage 2 colon cancer, the disease is a little more advanced than in stage 1 and has grown beyond the mucosa and the submucosa.

Stage 2 colon cancer is classified further as stage 2A, 2B, or 2C.

Stage 2A. The cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes or nearby tissue. It’s reached the outer layers of the colon, but it has not completely grown through.

Stage 2B. The cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes, but it’s grown through the outer layer of the colon and to the visceral peritoneum. This is the membrane that holds the abdominal organs in place.

Stage 2C. The cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes. But it has grown through the outer layer of the colon as well as to nearby organs or structures.

Stage 3

Stage 3 colon cancer is classified as stage 3A, 3B, or 3C.

Stage 3A. The tumor has grown to or through the muscular layers of the colon and is found in nearby lymph nodes. It has not spread to distant nodes or organs.

Stage 3B. Colon cancer will be classified as stage 3B in either of the following situations:

The tumor has grown through the outermost layers of the colon and penetrates the visceral peritoneum or invades other organs or structures. It’s also found in one to three lymph nodes.

The tumor has not grown through the outermost layers of the colon, but it’s found in four or more nearby lymph nodes.

Stage 3C. The tumor has grown beyond the muscular layers. Cancer is also found in four or more nearby lymph nodes but not in distant sites.

Stage 4

Stage 4 colon cancer is classified as either stage 4A, 4B, or 4C.

Stage 4A. This stage indicates that the cancer has spread to one distant site, like the liver, lungs, or lymph nodes.

Stage 4B. The cancer has spread to two or more distant sites but not to the peritoneum.

Stage 4C. The cancer has spread to the peritoneum.

Colon Cancer: Prevention and Treatment

Get evaluated for colorectal disease. Screenings are tests that search for the disease before signs and side effects create. These tests can find colon or rectal disease prior to when medicines are bound to find success.

Eat loads of vegetables, natural products, and entire grains. Eats less carbs that incorporate bunches of vegetables, natural products, and entire grains have been connected with a diminished gamble of colon or rectal malignant growth.

Get a customary activity. In the event that you are not truly dynamic, you might have a more prominent possibility of creating colorectal disease. Being more dynamic might assist with diminishing your gamble.

Assume command over your weight. Being overweight or fat expands your gamble of getting and biting the dust from colon or rectal malignant growth. Eating better and expanding your actual work can assist you with controlling your weight.

Treatments of Colon Cancer

Endoscopic Treatment:

Frequently, polyps are securely taken out during a colonoscopy. A few extremely huge polyps might be eliminated without a medical procedure by uniquely prepared gastroenterologists known as helpful endoscopists. In the event that the polyps were enormous, your PCP might have denoted the polypectomy (polyp evacuation) site with an exceptional ink during the colonoscopy. 

Surgery:

The therapy of decision for colon malignant growth is careful resection, which includes eliminating the disease through medical procedure. Medical procedure is performed to eliminate the malignant growth totally and reproduce the gut, if conceivable, so your postoperative entrail capability is typical or close to ordinary.

Chemotherapy:

Chemotherapy drugs head out through the circulatory system to annihilate cancer cells that might have split away from unique cancer and could start to fill again somewhere else in the body. They might be directed orally or intravenously.

Chemotherapy can be utilised at different phases of colon malignant growth treatment. Some time, chemotherapy is given before a medical procedure to recoil growth and diminish the degree of medical procedure. This is called neoadjuvant treatment.

Conclusion

Colon cancer is a common malignancy that causes a significant number of deaths. The symptoms of colon cancer are vague and, therefore, require evaluation by health care professionals. Through screening it is potentially preventable and highly curable with surgery alone when diagnosed at an early stage. 

Modern chemotherapy continues to improve survival for patients with more advanced stages. Colon cancer treatment often requires a team of expert physicians, including colorectal surgeons, medical oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists. These doctors work with the patient to create the safest and most effective therapy plan.

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